Marsh (1978) restated Maslow's theory of human needs into six groups and implied that there was a time relationship in satisfying needs (see figure 1 ).
Figure 1: Maslow's Implied Matrix
Present Time
Future time Physical
Physiological Safety
aspects of man needs
needs Social Affection
Dominance aspects of man needs
needs Intellectual Achievement
Self-actualization aspects of man needs needs
Source: Adapted from Marsh, 1978, p. 114
Marsh (1978) concluded, "self-actualization was a need for future control over satisfaction of achievement needs. (If one has found a highly rewarding career that is 'self-actualization', one is assured of future satisfaction of the achievement needs.)" (Marsh 1978, p. 4
114). Furthermore, individuals will not seek to fulfill future-time needs before the corresponding present-time needs are at least partially satisfied. For example, a rational individual would not choose to die of starvation today in order to possess food for tomorrow. As such, an individual will not seek self-actualization until they fulfill the needs of self-respect, self-worth, independence and freedom.
0 Comments